Demonstrating the idea of one more and less is the basis of adding and subtracting, say Sheila Ebbutt and Carole Skinner.

The earliest stages in knowing about addition and subtraction are focused on the simplest situations: those where you are adding one more or taking away so there is one less. These experiences can be related to the introduction of a 1-10 number track.

As children become more knowledgeable and more efficient at saying the number sequence, they begin to be able to identify the number before and the number after most numbers up to 10. At the same time they also become more expert at counting real objects, so they understand that the last number they say in the count describes the number of objects they have.

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